SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND STUDENTS’ ESL ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITIES IN LAHORE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A large number of empirical researches on student academic performance and its potential antecedents have been conducted within the setting of higher education. However, the significance that social media usage plays in students’ ESL (English as a Secondary Language) academic performance is largely ignored. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact that students' usage of social media had on their ESL academic performance. This study carried out by the participation of 247 students of undergraduate level from public and private universities in Lahore city. By employing a quantitative research method, the findings indicated that social media usage plays a significant role in enhancing students' ESL academic performance. The findings further followed by the discussion, implications and the constraints of the study. Keywords: Social media, ESL learners, academic performance, quantitative study, higher education
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".