INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN INVOLVING CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST MONEY LAUNDERING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
International organizations identify the problem of using international trade systems for money laundering and terrorist financing. Customs authorities play an important role in the fight against such crimes. They have deep knowledge of the international trade sphere and exclusive access to international trade documents; trading systems for money laundering and terrorist financing. The purpose of the article is to study foreign experience regarding the participation of customs authorities in the fight against money laundering with the determination of the possibility of its implementation in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, logical generalization, comparison. The work analyzes the structure and scope of powers of customs authorities of foreign countries (USA and Germany). It was determined that the structure of the customs service depends on the most problematic areas for each country. Examples of cooperation between customs authorities and financial intelligence units in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing (Belgium, Great Britain, Canada, Germany, Peru) are given. The state of reforming the customs sphere in Ukraine is assessed, taking into account the current state of war. The current stage of development of customs authorities in Ukraine is characterized by the implementation of European practices and legislation. The role of the State Customs Service of Ukraine in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing has been determined. Proposals are made to increase the effectiveness of information exchange between the State Customs Service of Ukraine and the State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine. The expediency of creating functional groups, which would include the most trained employees in the field of money laundering and terrorist financing, has been proven. Their duties should include: control and analytical activities aimed at detecting and preventing crimes related to the legalization of income; transfer of information about suspicious transactions to the State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".