Pooled sequential ejaculates for intrauterine insemination- A prospective randomized study on infertility due to oligospermia in young couples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The use of pooled sequential ejaculates is a minimally-invasive, cost-effective and yet underutilized technique of increasing total motile sperm counts for intrauterine insemination (IUI) before opting for expensive and unnecessary infertility treatments. At present, no guidelines are available regarding the use of pooled sequential ejaculates for IUI in cases with very low seminal parameters; therefore, we speculated that the use of pooled sequential ejaculates for IUI in patients with male factor infertility may be an efficient technique for achieving a successful pregnancy. The aim of this study is to assess the efficiency of the pooled semen technique by comparing the outcomes of IUI using a single semen sample versus pooled sequential ejaculates in young patients with severe oligospermia. Materials and Methods: Young couples with only male factor infertility were randomly assigned single semen or pooled sequential ejaculates technique for a single cycle of IUI and analyzed. We strictly included males aged 25-30 years with sperm concentration < 6 million/mL, total motile sperm count (TMSC) < 10 million and sperm motility < 50%. The second ejaculate was obtained within two hours of the first ejaculate. Results: Pooling the sequential ejaculates significantly increased the TMSC for insemination (P<0.0001) compared with the single semen sample group. There were 5 successful pregnancies in the pooled sequential ejaculate group (pregnancy rate 33.3%, OR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.04, 2.41) as compared to 1 in the single semen sample group. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the number of TMSC for IUI has a good predictive value for a successful pregnancy outcome in young couples with only male factor infertility (AUC = 0.86, p-value = 0.06). Conclusion: Pooled sequential ejaculates for IUI is an effective and inexpensive minimally-invasive treatment for infertility due to severe oligospermia in young couples. Keywords: Intrauterine Insemination, Male Factor Infertility, Sperm Count, Oligospermia, Ejaculate, Pregnancy
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".