Risk of iatrogenic pneumothorax based on location of transbronchial biopsy: a retrospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) is a commonly performed procedure to obtain parenchymal lung tissue during bronchoscopy. Pneumothorax is among the most common serious complications of TBB. The objective of this study was to assess whether location of TBB correlated with development of post-procedural pneumothorax. We also sought to identify additional risk factors associated with pneumothorax development. This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study. All TBB performed between 2010 and 2020 underwent subsequent chart review. The primary outcome was radiologist reported pneumothorax on post-procedure chest x-ray. Multivariable logistic regression model was created with included variables chosen a priori based on clinical significance. RESULTS: There were a total of 222 TBB performed that met inclusion criteria. Radiographic evidence of pneumothorax was reported in 38 patients (15.4%). Ten patients (4.1%) required a chest tube. In the multivariable analysis, risk of pneumothorax was significantly higher for biopsies obtained from the left upper lobe (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.3-9.1). There was an increased risk of pneumothorax following TBB when obtained from the left upper lobe. Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk and should consider alternative locations in patients with diffuse lung disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".