Information-sharing strategy and manufacturer encroachment under advertising investment in gray markets
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates how the manufacturer’s encroachment strategy and the retailer’s information-sharing strategy interact in gray markets under advertising investment. Different from the traditional view which holds that the retailer should retain private information to maintain an information advantage, we find that the retailer can strategically use private information to induce the manufacturer’s encroachment to improve investment level and increase potential market demand. We also derive the manufacturer’s optimal encroachment strategy. When the encroachment cost is extremely low (high), whether the retailer share information or not, the manufacturer will (will never) encroach. Particularly, when the cost is in the middle range, the encroachment decision depends on the retailer’s information sharing choice: the manufacturer encroaches when information is shared and does not encroach when information is not shared. Moreover, when the manufacturer effectively combats the gray market through encroachment, the retailer still has motivation to share information.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it