Taxonomy of Non-sporulating Bacteria Tested in Biological Control Against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complete analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of some non-sporulating bacterial isolates from the soil led us to a reliable taxonomic classification, allowing us to explore its entomopathogenic potential against insect-pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Many studies have shown the rapid development of resistance of S. frugiperda in relation to the methods that have been used in recent decades. Therefore, new research exploring the potential of new soil isolates is important. Thus, a comparative study between the complete and partial taxonomic classification based on 16S rRNA gene was realized as the basis for biological studies. Non-sporulating bacterial isolates were used in lethality bioassays against S. frugiperda larvae to compare bioassays efficacy using Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) strains and the commercial product Dipel®. The results confirmed the strong resistance of this pest-larvae once it developed until the adulthood phase in all bioassays, applying sporulating or non-sporulating bacteria. Furthermore, an accurate phylogenetic position of the non-sporulating bacterial isolates become possible showing basically three species: Brevibacillus nitrificans, Curtobacterium sp. and Arthrobacter echigonensis. Besides the new biotechnological options for those bacterial isolates, according to the results further research should be done with new bacterial isolates in order to discover its potential to control S. frugiperda, thus assisting Bt in pest control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".