Association between Functional Status of Patients and Cognitive Impairment in End Stage Renal Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: The increased incidence of diabetes, hypertension in third world countries has lead to an increase in end stage renal disease which in turn escalates the burden of dialysis on patients and caregivers. Dialysis is associated with many serious physical and mental disturbances. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of screening for cognitive impairment and depression in End stage renal disease because cognitive impairment can impair the activities of daily living and overall quality of life. Methods: 150 patients were included in a study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were screened for cognitive impairment by using the Montreal cognitive assessment scale, for depression by using Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and Barthels index for assessment of activities of daily living. Results: Of 150 patients most were males (56%) and females were (44%) out of which 36.67% males and 32.67% of females were cognitively impaired. Most patients were hypertensive and unemployed. There was no significant social demographic association observed for cognitive impairment. The patients with cognitive impairment need assistance in feeding, bathing and mobility as compared to patients with no cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Our study revealed that cognitive impairment is present in patients and it is related with activities of daily living. The presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety is also affecting activities of daily living difficulty in ambulatory hemodialysis patients. Patients especially need help in climbing stairs and minor help in transferring, occasional bladder help, minor help in feeding and minor help during walk. Key words: Cognitive impairment, End stage renal disease, Dialysis, Activities of daily living.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".