Quality of life of children and young adults with and without cardiovascular implantable electronic devices during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have a lower quality of life (QoL) compared to the general pediatric population. The combined effect of COVID-19 and CIEDs on the QoL and physical activity (PA) both within and between each population is unknown. METHODS: Individuals 8-25-year-old with and without CIED's were recruited to complete a phone survey. Data collection included demographics, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and the (PAQ). PedsQL and PAQ scores range from 0-100 and 1-5, respectively, with higher scores indicating a higher QoL and PA. RESULTS: Of the 190 individuals contacted, 148 participated (CIED n = 76, non-CIED n = 72), for an 81% response rate. Participants with and without CIEDs were similar in age (15.5 vs. 16 years, p = .57), gender (male = 57% vs. 42%, p = .07), and self-identified race (white = 79% vs. 81%, p = .44). CIED participants had a lower QoL (70.8 vs. 83.3, p < .001). Lower total scores were noted in CIED participants with structural heart disease compared to those without (71.6 vs. 83.6, p = .035) and those with a history of non-CIED heart or chest surgery compared to those without (71.3 vs. 83.3, p = .035). PAQ scores were similarly lower for CIED participants (2.17 vs. 2.73, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The presence of a CIED negatively impacts the QoL and PA of the pediatric population in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to better understand and address the drivers of decreased QoL and PA in the pediatric CIED population in the setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".