On the role of the right premotor cortex in musical rhythm perception: a dense-Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) mapping approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Humans have the unique ability to flexibly and proactively extract a regular beat from complex auditory patterns, such as music. Recent neuropysiological and neuroimaging studies demonstrated that beat perception rely on interactions between the auditory and motor systems, specifically the premotor cortex (PMC) and the supplementary motor areas (SMA/pre-SMA). However, how motor planning regions in the human brain actively contributes to beat perception is still an open question. To fill this gap, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over a regular grid of 4 spots covering the right dorsal (PMd) and medial part (SMA/pre-SMA) of the PMC, while participants performed a Beat Alignment Test (BAT). In particular, 10 Hz triple-pulses TMS was applied immediately before participants tries to detect misalignment between a metronome and a realistic musical extract. Results indicated that, independently from the degree of metronome misalignment, TMS over the most caudal part of PMC, namely PMd and pre-SMA, significantly increases the probability of indicating that the metronome is synchronized with the beat compared to a sham control condition. Our results provide direct causal evidence that specific part within PMC houses key mechanisms for perceiving if an auditory stimulus is synchronized with respect to the regular beat, pointing to a pivotal role of the right premotor cortex in musical rhythm perception. Research Category and Technology and Methods Basic Research: 10. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Keywords: Premotor cortex, Rhythm perception, Trascranial Magnetic Stimulation, Beat
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".