Prenatal exposure to opioids and neurodevelopment in infancy and childhood: A systematic review
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: This systematic review aims to estimate the relationship between prenatal exposure to opioids and neurodevelopmental outcomes and examines potential sources of heterogeneity between the studies. Methods: We searched four databases through May 21st, 2022: PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and the Web of Science according to a specified search strings. Study inclusion criteria include: (1) cohort and case-control peer-reviewed studies published in English; (2) studies comparing neurodevelopmental outcomes among children with prenatal opioid-exposure (prescribed or used non-medically) vs. an unexposed group. Studies investigating fetal alcohol syndrome or a different primary prenatal exposure other than opioids were excluded. Two main performed data extraction using "Covidence" systematic review platform. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale was used for quality assessment of the studies. Studies were synthesized based on the type of neurodevelopmental outcome and the instrument used to assess neurodevelopment. Results: Data were extracted from 79 studies. We found significant heterogeneity between studies due to their use of different instruments to explore cognitive skills, motor, and behavioral outcomes among children of different ages. The other sources of heterogeneity included: procedures to assess prenatal exposure to opioids; period of pregnancy in which exposure was assessed; type of opioids assessed (non-medical, medication used for opioid use dis-order, prescribed by health professional), types of co-exposure; source of selection of prenatally exposed study participants and comparison groups; and methods to address lack of comparability between exposed and unexposed groups. Cognitive and motor skills as well as behavior were generally negatively affected by prenatal opioid exposure, but the significant heterogeneity precluded a meta-analysis. Conclusion: We explored sources of heterogeneity in the studies assessing the association between prenatal exposure to opioids and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity included different approaches to participant recruitment as well as exposure and outcome ascertainment methods. Nonetheless, overall negative trends were observed between prenatal opioid exposure and neuro-developmental outcomes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it