Mysterious geomagnetic response to minor solar wind disturbance: Observations
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
On 15 April 2022, the Kiruna magnetometer detected an isolated geomagnetic spike of 400 nT with rising time of 2 minutes. This is on the same level of large sudden commencements (historically largest one is about 1000 nT in Kiruna), but this event was not followed by any magnetic storm or substorm.  In this sense, the observed 400 nT spike is unique in the history of Kiruna magnetometer (more than 30 years of digital data). At the same time, the Kiruna riometer detected a strong absorption with short rise time, indicating a sudden increase of the electron density.  The world-wide geomagnetic observations available at IMAGE, SuperMAG and INTERMAGNET geomagnetic networks, show isolated localised geomagnetic spikes in the dawn sector in both hemispheres, but not in the dusk sector, gradually moving toward midnight with decreasing intensity.  Detailed analyses of geomagnetic deviation in the northern hemisphere indicates strong shear in the ionospheric Hall current with the sense of downward field.  Considering its location and electron density increase, this field-aligned current is most likely caused by the ring current particles, as is indicated by DMSP data. The solar wind velocity is constant with no specific variation that can cause such a unique event.  However, multi-spacecraft observations by SOHO, DSCOVR, ACE, Cluster and MMS suggest the possibility of a very localized IMF structure.  We thank magnetic stations of IMAGE, SuperMAG and INTERMAGNET network, and SOHO, DSCOVR, ACE, Cluster, DMSP and MMS team for providing data.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it