The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and cobalamin deficiency in patients with chronic urticaria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of studies reporting the presence of systemic symptoms and micronutrient deficiency in patients with chronic urticaria, and these data are lacking in a Canadian population. OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in a Canadian patient population diagnosed with chronic urticaria. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 100 adult patients with chronic urticaria was conducted. Demographic characteristics, medications, presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and laboratory findings were abstracted from electronic medical records. RESULTS: Seventy percent of patients with chronic urticaria reported experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common symptom identified was gastroesophageal reflux (42%). Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency, defined as serum vitamin B12 level ≤ 250 pmol/L, was identified in 31.7% of the patients. Among those patients with urticaria and vitamin B12, 68% reported gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to provide data on the high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in a Canadian population diagnosed with chronic urticaria. Early recognition and management of systemic symptoms and micronutrient deficiency may lead to a more comprehensive approach to management of these patients. Trial registration Not applicable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".