The morpho-sedimentary record of impact crater Lake Manicouagan in northeastern Canada, from an overdeepened valley to a large hydroelectric reservoir
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Manicouagan, the ‘Eye of Québec’, is an annular-shaped impact structure located in northeastern Canada (51˚N). The completion of a large hydroelectric dam in 1970 CE flooded two 60-km long lakes that were located on east and west sides of the inner ring. The drowning of the lakes under 135 m of water marked the final stage of the Late Quaternary history of Manicouagan. The morpho-sedimentary record combining sismo-acoustic imagery, swath bathymetry, and sediment cores aims to (1) reconstruct the Late Quaternary history of Manicouagan; and (2) assess the impacts of damming, in this case the drowning of a large boreal lake that used to be an indigenous cultural habitat. At the eastern end, the flooded Lake Manicouagan, has a fjord-like setting characterized by a shelf representing the lowest lake-level, steep walls > 45˚, and deep environments. The glacial-postglacial evolution, linked to the northward retreat of the Laurentian Ice Sheet, is preserved in overdeepened basins reaching 455 m deep, that is 105 m below modern sea-level. To the north, these basins are buried under a postglacial drape resulting from strong river inputs. Downstream, sedimentary units build channel-and-levee systems along a deep canyon. At mid-lake, a sill connects to southern basins displaying a hummocky topography. Postglacial conditions are characterized by a lake-wide record of gravity events originating from the shelf and above. Core-scanning techniques along with dating information (14C, 210Pb, 137Cs) on a transect of short-cores highlight the role of natural and human-induced water-level fluctuations on the generation of slope hazards. Ongoing analyses expect to (1) precise the nature, timing, extent and impacts of natural and man-made hazards; (2) reconstruct environment-climate evolution from a remote boreal region where limnogeological records are scarce.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".