Plasma Observatory ESA M7 candidate mission: unveiling plasma energization and energy transport through multiscale observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Earth's Magnetospheric System is the complex and highly dynamic environment in near-Earth space where plasma gets actively energized and transport of large amounts of energy occurs, due to the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetic field. Understanding plasma energization and energy transport is an open challenge of space plasma physics, with important implications for space weather science as well as for the understanding of distant astrophysical plasmas. Plasma energization and energy transport are related to fundamental processes such as shocks, magnetic reconnection, turbulence and waves, plasma jets and instabilities, which are at the core of the current space plasma physics research. ESA/Cluster and NASA/MMS four-point constellations, as well as the large-scale multipoint mission NASA/THEMIS, have greatly improved over the last two decades our understanding of plasma processes at individual scales compared to earlier single-point measurements. Despite the large amount of available observations, we still do not fully understand the physical mechanisms which give rise to plasma energization and energy transport. The reason is that the fundamental physical processes governing plasma energization and energy transport operate across multiple scales ranging from the large fluid to the smaller kinetic scales. Here we present the Plasma Observatory (PO) multiscale mission concept which is tailored to study plasma energization and energy transport within the Earth's Magnetospheric System. PO baseline is comprised of one mothercraft (MSC) and six identical smallsat daughtercraft (DSC) in an HEO 8 RE X 18 RE orbit, covering all the key regions of the Magnetospheric System where strong energization and transport occur: the foreshock, bow shock, magnetosheath, magnetopause, magnetotail current sheet, and the transition region. MSC payload provides a complete characterization of electromagnetic fields and plasma particles in a single point with time resolution sufficient to resolve kinetic physics at sub-ion scales. The DSCs have identical payload which is much simpler than on the MSC, yet giving a full characterization of the plasma at the ion and fluid scales. Going beyond Cluster, THEMIS and MMS, PO will permit us to resolve for the first time the coupling between ion and fluid scales as well as the non-planarity and non-stationarity of plasma structures at those scales. PO is one of the five ESA M7 candidates to be launched around 2037 and is currently undergoing a competitive Phase 0 at ESA for further downselection to Phase A at the end of 2023.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".