The highly advanced ICEBEAR-3D E-region coherent imaging radar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ICEBEAR (Ionospheric Continuous-wave E-region Bistatic Experimental Auroral Radar) employs advanced software defined radio (SDR) and aperture synthesis radar imaging to produce unambiguous high resolution (1--2~km) 3-dimensional (range, azimuth, elevation) coherent E-region observations. ICEBEAR-3D operates in the VHF at 49.5~MHz observing the auroral zone of the ionosphere from western Canada (58N, 106W geographic). The receiver antenna array was re-configuration in 2019 to a non-uniform co-planar T-shaped double interferometer layout to complete the ICEBEAR design and allow for unambiguous, highly detailed, high-resolution coherent radar E-region observations. We present the antenna array re-configuration; the novel and advanced synthesis aperture radar imaging technique; a low elevation angle accuracy and reliability solution; validations and calibrations of ICEBEAR-3D using celestial radio sources (Cygnus A) and interferometer closure angles; as well as some initial E-region and meteor trail observations and analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".