Prediction of Esophageal Varices by Non-Invasive Markers in Patients of Hepatic Cirrhosis due To Chronic Hepatitis C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Esophageal varices develop as a consequence of portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease. Predicting the varices by non-invasive methods at the time of registration is likely to predict the need for prophylactic β blockers or endoscopic variceal ligation in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of combined non-invasive parameters in predicting the presence of esophageal varices in patients with hepatic cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C, using the positive predictive value (PPV) as a measure of performance. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Medicine, Unit-I, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, 125 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Platelet count, Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR) and portal vein diameter was assessed. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in all patients to check the presence or absence of esophageal varices. Results: Mean age of the patients was 52.52±8.39 years with 64% males. Mean PT was 10.09±3.13, mean INR was 1.75±0.22, mean platelet count was 83.56±13.47 while mean portal vein diameter was 13.79±0.84. In 61 patients (48.8%) esophageal varices were present on endoscopy and in 85 patients (68%) esophageal varices were predicted by combined non-invasive parameters. Positive predictive value of combined non-invasive parameters was 71.7%. Practical implications: Noninvasive predictors can be used as a screening tool to decide need for preventive drug therapy in esophageal varices and thus help reduce the workload and financial burden of routine endoscopies in all cirrhosis patients. Conclusion: The results suggest that combined non-invasive parameters may be a useful tool in the prediction of esophageal varices in patients with hepatic cirrhosis Keywords: Esophageal varices, Non-invasive predictors, Portal hypertension
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".