Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical dystonia (CD) is a movement disorder characterized by cranial muscle overactivity, leading to an abnormal head posture.CD patients often experience mood disorders and sleep disorders due to the disturbing body image associated with deformities, and these symptoms can be at least as disabling as motor symptoms.This study investigated the frequency of non-motor symptoms and their relation to CD severity.Methods: The study comprises 26 clients with CD and 26 healthy volunteers.The clinical severity of CD was assessed by the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale.Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to evaluate non-motor symptoms in patients with CD and healthy controls.All dystonia patients we included were receiving botulinum toxin therapy.Results: The mean BDI and BAI scores were significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.006 and p=0.001, respectively).The mean score of SMMSE was considerably lower in the patient group than that in HCs (p=0.014).The frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness did not differ between groups.The patients with CD had worse sleep quality than HCs (p=0.001).According to the subgroup analysis of PSQI, sleep onset latency and sleep disturbance were significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.001 and p=0.012, respectively).Furthermore, sleep duration and sleep efficiency were significantly lower in the patient group (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively).No significant correlation was found between non-motor symptoms and disease severity, age, and duration of disease in the CD (p>0.05).Discussion and Conclusion: CD causes functional impairment in many patients and leads to difficulties such as lack of selfconfidence, timidity, avoidance of social movements, and depressive mood.Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the non-motor symptoms of patients diagnosed with CD can also increase treatment success.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".