PGC-1s shape epidermal physiology by modulating keratinocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Skin plays central roles in systemic physiology, and it undergoes significant functional changes during aging. Members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s) are key regulators of the biology of numerous tissues, yet we know very little about their impact on skin functions. Global gene expression profiling and gene silencing in keratinocytes uncovered that PGC-1s control the expression of metabolic genes as well as that of terminal differentiation programs. Glutamine emerged as a key substrate promoting mitochondrial respiration, keratinocyte proliferation, and the expression of PGC-1s and terminal differentiation programs. Importantly, gene silencing of PGC-1s reduced the thickness of a reconstructed living human epidermal equivalent. Exposure of keratinocytes to a salicylic acid derivative potentiated the expression of PGC-1s and terminal differentiation genes and increased mitochondrial respiration. Overall, our results show that the PGC-1s are essential effectors of epidermal physiology, revealing an axis that could be targeted in skin conditions and aging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".