Observational and Model Impact of Tonga Volcano Eruption on Schumann Resonance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Tonga volcano eruption on 15 January 2022 was accompanied by an unprecedentedly high lightning activity in the volcano plume which significantly exceeded the lightning activity level of the whole globe. We compare model computations with the observed effect of the Tonga volcano eruption on the global electromagnetic Schumann resonance (SR). This SR disturbance was detected at many observatories covering the whole globe. SR power spectral density was computed using the updated model of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity, with the global lightning detections recorded by the World Wide Lightning Location Network, as a source. The modeled dynamics of the SR disturbances during Tonga eruption agrees qualitatively and quantitatively with SR recordings from six globally separated observatories. Unprecedentedly high lightning activity during the active phase of eruption caused significant suppression of the global lightning detection rate without noticeable effect on real global thunderstorm activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".