Screening of therapeutic potentials of proprioceptive exercises and topical glucosamine sulfate on pain and functional disability in knee osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effects of proprioceptive exercises and topical glucosamine sulfate on knee osteoarthritis in terms of reducing pain and functional disability. Methods: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial (IRCT20220115053712N1) was conducted at Muhammad Physical Therapy Clinic and Rehabilitation Center, Multan, Pakistan, from November 2021 to April 2022. Eighty-four patients enrolled and were randomized into two groups; patients in Group A were treated with proprioceptive exercises while those in Group B were treated with topical glucosamine sulfate. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale were used to measure pain and functional activities at baseline, 9th and 18th sessions. Results: The results showed that both interventions were effective, but more in Group A (p < 0.05). Group A also showed highly significant improvement in relieving the pains associated with osteoarthritis when compared to Group B (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Proprioceptive exercises are more efficient than topical glucosamine sulfate for managing knee osteoarthritis, improving functional outcomes and lowering pain intensity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".