Anhydrite Weathering Zone with Hydration Caves at Dingwall (Nova Scotia, SE Canada) as a Potential Geosite and Geodiversity Site
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The abandoned gypsum quarry at Dingwall, in Canada, is a unique place with a peculiar “living” landscape created by expansive hydration of anhydrite process actively operating in the weathering zone at the quarry bottom. It causes a rapid volume increase of the rocks and the formation of the unique domed and tepee-like hydration landforms (several meters in length and up to 2.09 m high) with internal hydration caves (swelling caves, German: Quellungshöhlen). The quarry also shows some rare evaporite minerals, sulphate karst, spheroidal weathering of anhydrite and the other phenomena. Several steps of geoconservation strategy are described to promote Dingwall quarry as a geosite and a geodiversity site: inventory, quantitative assessment, conservation, interpretation, promotion and monitoring. The performed inventory describes the elements of the geoheritage. The quantitative assessment of the site, made according to the method by Brilha (Geoheritage 8:119–134, 2016), was based on the four aspects: scientific value, potential educational use, potential tourist use and the rate of destruction. For showing the geological heritage, the plan of the site was prepared, with paths for visitors, attendant infrastructure, thematic interpretation panels and plates with QR codes. As a part of the promotion, application of the Internet with already operating sites (e.g. hydrationcave.com) is proposed. In turn, monitoring, with measurements of benchmarks and photographic and photogrammetric documentation, will ensure the proper functioning of the site after establishing it as a geosite and a geodiversity site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".