Benefit of stereoscopic volume rendering for the identification of pediatric pulmonary vein stenosis from CT angiography
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies in medical practice is increasing; however, its use is largely untested. One 3D technology, stereoscopic volume-rendered 3D display, can improve depth perception. Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare cardiovascular pathology, often diagnosed by computed tomography (CT), where volume rendering may be useful. Depth cues may be lost when volume rendered CT is displayed on regular screens instead of 3D displays. The objective of this study was to determine whether the 3D stereoscopic display of volume-rendered CT improved perception compared to standard monoscopic display, as measured by PVS diagnosis. CT angiograms (CTAs) from 18 pediatric patients aged 3 weeks to 2 years were volume rendered and displayed with and without stereoscopic display. Patients had 0 to 4 pulmonary vein stenoses. Participants viewed the CTAs in 2 groups with half on monoscopic and half on stereoscopic display and the converse a minimum of 2 weeks later, and their diagnoses were recorded. A total of 24 study participants, comprised of experienced staff cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons and radiologists, and their trainees viewed the CTAs and assessed the presence and location of PVS. Cases were classified as simple (2 or fewer lesions) or complex (3 or more lesions). Overall, there were fewer type 2 errors in diagnosis for stereoscopic display than standard display, an insignificant difference (p = 0.095). There was a significant decrease in type 2 errors for complex multiple lesion cases (≥3) vs simpler cases (p = 0.027) and improvement in localization of pulmonary veins (p = 0.011). Subjectively, 70% of participants stated that stereoscopy was helpful in the identification of PVS. The stereoscopic display did not result in significantly decreased errors in PVS diagnosis but was helpful for more complex cases.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it