Structural transformation and anomalous diffusion in network forming liquid GeO<sub>2</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we simulated the structural transformation and self-diffusion mechanism in liquid GeO2 oxide system. Under compression, structure of liquid GeO2 model tends to transform gradually from low-density phase to high-density phase. Concentration of basic structural units can be determined via density of material model. The average Ge–O bond distance in GeO4 tetrahedra is smaller than the ones in GeO5 pentahedra and GeO6 octahedra. Each GeOx polyhedron always exists a Ge–O bond with the longest length (the weakest bond). The diffusion mechanism in liquid GeO2 oxide system is via breaking the weakest bonds that accompany the change local coordination environment of Ge cations. The longest Ge–O bond in a GeO5 pentahedron is very weak in comparison to the one in other polyhedra. The diffusivity is significantly dependent on the number of GeO5 pentahedra. The increase of GeO5 under compression is the origin of anomalous diffusion in liquid GeO2 oxide. The increase of average Ge–O bond distance under compression is also clarified in this work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".