One‐Step Calcination Synthesis of Bulk‐Doped Surface‐Modified Ni‐Rich Cathodes with Superlattice for Long‐Cycling Li‐Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Nickel‐rich (Ni≥90 %) layered cathodes are critical materials for achieving higher‐energy‐density and lower‐cost next‐generation Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, their bulk and interface structural instabilities significantly impair their electrochemical performance, thus hindering their widespread adoption in commercial LIBs. Exploiting Ti and Mo diffusion chemistry, we report one‐step calcination to synthesize bulk‐to‐surface modified LiNi 0.9 Co 0.09 Mo 0.01 O 2 (NCMo90) featuring a 5 nm Li 2 TiO 3 coating on the surface, a Mo‐rich Li + /Ni 2+ superlattice at the sub‐surface, and Ti‐doping in the bulk. Such a multi‐functional structure effectively maintains its structural integrity upon cycling. As a result, such NCMo90 exhibits a high initial capacity of 221 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate performance (184 mAh g −1 at 5 C), and high capacity retention of 94.0 % after 500 cycles. This work opens a new avenue to developing industry‐applicable Ni‐rich cathodes for next‐generation LIBs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".