Performance evaluation of stabilized base courses comprising TSRU materials and bitumen froth derived from Alberta oil sands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this research, the properties of two tailings solvent recovery unit (TSRU) samples, one bitumen froth sample and two aggregates, are evaluated using various laboratory tests. The TSRU-modified mixtures are prepared at different concentrations of bitumen froth (0%–6% of weight of mixture increasing in 1% intervals) where TSRU materials were added based on optimum moisture content of the mixture. The properties of the mixtures are investigated using indirect tensile strength and Marshall stability tests. The results show that TSRU modification results in a higher tensile strength. The granular layer thickness can be reduced by 42% and 60% for modified samples made with both aggregates. It should be noted that the modified samples fail to meet the soaked indirect tensile strength requirement. A potential solution to improve the indirect tensile strength of the soaked mixture is using cementitious additives such as Portland cement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".