Ultralow Threshold Surface Emitting Ultraviolet Lasers with Semiconductor Nanowires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Surface-emitting semiconductor lasers have changed our everyday life in various ways such as communication and sensing. Expanding the operation wavelength of surface-emitting semiconductor lasers to shorter ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range further broadens the applications to disinfection, medical diagnostics, phototherapy, and so on. Nonetheless, the UV surface-emitting lasers demonstrated so far are all using conventional vertical cavities, all with large lasing thresholds in the range of several hundred kW/cm^2 to MW/cm^2. Here, we report ultralow threshold surface-emitting lasing in the UV range using novel epitaxial nanowire photonic crystal structures. Lasing at 367 nm is measured, with a threshold of only 7 kW/cm^2, a factor of 100× reduction compared to the previously reported surface-emitting UV lasers at similar wavelengths. Further given the excellent electrical doping that has already been demonstrated in nanowires, this work offers a viable path for the development of the long-sought-after surface-emitting semiconductor UV lasers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".