Physicochemical and Microbial Characteristics and Social Perception of Treated Ablution Wastewater Reuse in Solo, Indonesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increased demand for water stimulates the use of treated wastewater as an alternative resource.However, there has been a constant concern from communities regarding the quality of the treated water.Thus, we present an investigation of community perception on reusing treated wastewater from ablution wastewater.This study aims to treat the ablution wastewater using the continuous electrocoagulation method and to investigate community perception of the treated wastewater.A laboratory experiment was conducted to observe the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the treated wastewater, while focus group discussions (FGD) with 10 respondents from two different mosques in Solo were carried out to understand the community perception if the treated wastewater to be reused for ablution water.The laboratory results showed that the electrocoagulation coupled with the chlorination process successfully diminished the wastewater's physical and chemical properties.the results meet the standards set by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia through Regulation No. 32/2017 on Water Quality Standard for Sanitary Hygiene Purposes.On the other hand, the FGD results revealed two different perspectives regarding the application of treated wastewater.Over half of the respondents agreed to reuse the ablution wastewater, while the remaining declined.The decisions of those who agreed are highly affected by the Indonesian Ulema Council Fatwa regarding the status of the treated wastewater.Meanwhile, those who refused argued that currently, there is no urgency to use the treated wastewater since they are not aware of the seriousness of the issue.Furthermore, the respondents are also concerned about the possibility of virus contamination on the treated wastewater, making the water unsafe to be used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".