Phosphonated glycans as post-translational modifications of proteins in velvet worm slime
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To capture prey, onychophorans (velvet worms) expel a slime that forms stiff fibers upon shearing and dehydration. The high quantities of phosphorus previously found in the slime of the velvet worm Euperipatoides rowelli were ascribed to protein phosphorylation. We provide clear evidence, instead, that it is primarily present as phosphonate moieties in the slime of representative from both major onychophoran subgroups which diverged ~380 MYA. Advanced NMR and mass spectrometry demonstrate that 2-aminoethyl phosphonate (2-AEP) is associated with high molecular weight slime proteins as phosphonoglycans. Biogenic phosphonates are a substantial component of the organophosphorus cycle in marine environments but were not previously reported in terrestrial invertebrates. The evolutionary conservation of this rare protein modification suggests a potential role in the formation and function of these biological adhesive fibers with implications for bio-inspiration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".