Increased respiratory modulation of cardiovascular control reflects improved blood pressure regulation in pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypertensive pregnancy disorders put the maternal-fetal dyad at risk and are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. Multiple efforts have been made to understand the physiological mechanisms behind changes in blood pressure. Still, to date, no study has focused on analyzing the dynamics of the interactions between the systems involved in blood pressure control. In this work, we aim to address this question by evaluating the phase coherence between different signals using wavelet phase coherence. Electrocardiogram, continuous blood pressure, electrocardiogram-derived respiration, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity signals were obtained from ten normotensive pregnant women, ten normotensive non-pregnant women, and ten pregnant women with preeclampsia during rest and cold pressor test. At rest, normotensive pregnant women showed higher phase coherence in the high-frequency band (0.15-0.4 Hz) between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and the RR interval, blood pressure, and respiration compared to non-pregnant normotensive women. Although normotensive pregnant women showed no phase coherence differences with respect to hypertensive pregnant women at rest, higher phase coherence between the same pairs of variables was found during the cold pressor test. These results suggest that, in addition to the increased sympathetic tone of normotensive pregnant women widely described in the existing literature, there is an increase in cardiac parasympathetic modulation and respiratory-driven modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure that could compensate sympathetic increase and make blood pressure control more efficient to maintain it in normal ranges. Moreover, blunted modulation could prevent its buffer effect and produce an increase in blood pressure levels, as observed in the hypertensive women in this study. This initial exploration of cardiorespiratory coupling in pregnancy opens the opportunity to follow up on more in-depth analyses and determine causal influences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".