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Small business in Canada’s rural local economy

2023· article· en· W4360986006 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Ekaterina Gataulinа

Bibliographic record

VenueEconomy of agricultural and processing enterprises · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicArctic and Russian Policy Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRural areaSmall businessRentingBusinessRural economicsRural sociologyRural economyPopulationAgricultureRural settlementReal estateEstateRural historyEconomic growthAgricultural economicsRural developmentGeographyFinanceEconomicsPolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Within the framework of the research of the local rural economy, developed by VIAPI named after. A.A. Nikonov, an analysis of small rural businesses in Canada was carried out based on the Rural Canada Business Profiles Database. The latest data at the time of writing the article, 2019, is taken as the basis for the analysis (updated as of March 2022). It was revealed that the small rural business in Canada is more developed than in Russia and more diversified. Thus, in terms of the density of rural business, classified as small, per 100 people of the rural population, Canada surpasses Russia by almost 2 times, which indicates more favorable conditions created in Canada. Also, if in Russia small enterprises specializing in scientific and technical activities are extremely rarely located in rural areas, in Canada almost 8% of the total number of rural small business units are specialized in this activity. In addition to agriculture, construction and retail trade – industries traditionally attractive for rural small businesses in Russia as well, in Canada rural small businesses are more involved in providing personal services to the population, renting and selling real estate. The article analyzes the financial ratios of rural and urban small businesses in Canada. It is revealed that rural small businesses are comparable in financial performance to urban ones, are less indebted.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.172
Threshold uncertainty score0.277

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.234
Teacher spread0.216 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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