Relationship between Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Factors and Prognosis of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe cerebrovascular event with high mortality and disability rate. Neuroinflammation is involved in the brain injury after SAH, but the exact association between SAH progression and peripheral blood inflammatory factors is unknown. Therefore, to determine the relationship between inflammatory factors and the prognosis of SAH, we performed a meta-analysis. METHOD: A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Studies comparing the relationship between inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-10 [IL-10], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α]) and prognosis of SAH were included in the study. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted based on mRS, GOS, and the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and delayed ischemic neurologic deficits. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for case-control studies was used to assess the quality of included studies. For continuous variables, we calculated the mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: 1,469 patients from 18 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. The results found that patients in the good outcome group had significantly lower CRP levels than those in the poor outcome group (SMD: -1.15, 95% CI: -1.64 to -0.66, p < 0.00001, I2 = 87%), and peripheral IL-6 levels were significantly lower in SAH patients with the good functional outcome than those with the poor functional outcome (SMD: -0.99, 95% CI: -1.48 to -0.51, p < 0.0001, I2 = 88%). As for IL-10 (SMD: -0.28, 95% CI: -0.97 to 0.42, p = 0.43, I2 = 88%) and TNF-α (SMD: -0.40, 95% CI: -0.98 to 0.19, p = 0.18, I2 = 79%), due to the small number of studies, heterogeneity, and uncontrollable factors, robust conclusions cannot be drawn. CONCLUSION: SAH patients with good prognoses have significantly lower peripheral CRP and IL-6 levels. In addition, due to the small number of studies, heterogeneity, and uncontrollable factors, robust conclusions cannot be drawn for IL-10 and TNF-α. More high-quality studies are needed in the future to provide more specific recommendations for the clinical practice of inflammatory factors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it