Association of Demographic and Socioeconomic Indicators With the Use of Wearable Devices Among Children
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Importance: The use of consumer-grade wearable devices for collecting data for biomedical research may be associated with social determinants of health (SDoHs) linked to people's understanding of and willingness to join and remain engaged in remote health studies. Objective: To examine whether demographic and socioeconomic indicators are associated with willingness to join a wearable device study and adherence to wearable data collection in children. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used wearable device usage data collected from 10 414 participants (aged 11-13 years) at the year-2 follow-up (2018-2020) of the ongoing Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, performed at 21 sites across the United States. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to July 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures: The 2 primary outcomes were (1) participant retention in the wearable device substudy and (2) total device wear time during the 21-day observation period. Associations between the primary end points and sociodemographic and economic indicators were examined. Results: The mean (SD) age of the 10 414 participants was 12.00 (0.72) years, with 5444 (52.3%) male participants. Overall, 1424 participants (13.7%) were Black; 2048 (19.7%), Hispanic; and 5615 (53.9%) White. Substantial differences were observed between the cohort that participated and shared wearable device data (wearable device cohort [WDC]; 7424 participants [71.3%]) compared with those who did not participate or share data (no wearable device cohort [NWDC]; 2900 participants [28.7%]). Black children were significantly underrepresented (-59%) in the WDC (847 [11.4%]) compared with the NWDC (577 [19.3%]; P < .001). In contrast, White children were overrepresented (+132%) in the WDC (4301 [57.9%]) vs the NWDC (1314 [43.9%]; P < .001). Children from low-income households (<$24 999) were significantly underrepresented in WDC (638 [8.6%]) compared with NWDC (492 [16.5%]; P < .001). Overall, Black children were retained for a substantially shorter duration (16 days; 95% CI, 14-17 days) compared with White children (21 days; 95% CI, 21-21 days; P < .001) in the wearable device substudy. In addition, total device wear time during the observation was notably different between Black vs White children (β = -43.00 hours; 95% CI, -55.11 to -30.88 hours; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, large-scale wearable device data collected from children showed considerable differences between White and Black children in terms of enrollment and daily wear time. While wearable devices provide an opportunity for real-time, high-frequency contextual monitoring of individuals' health, future studies should account for and address considerable representational bias in wearable data collection associated with demographic and SDoH factors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it