Differentiation of uniparental human embryonic stem cells into granulosa cells reveals a paternal contribution to gonadal development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Genomic imprinting underlies the mammalian requirement for sexual reproduction. Nonetheless, the relative contribution of the two parental genomes during human development is not fully understood. Specifically, a fascinating question is whether the formation of the gonad, which holds the ability to reproduce, depends on equal contribution from both parental genomes. Here, we differentiated androgenetic and parthenogenetic human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into ovarian granulosa-like cells (GLCs). We show that in contrast to biparental and androgenetic cells, parthenogenetic hPSCs present a reduced capacity to differentiate into GLCs. We further identify the paternally expressed gene IGF2 as the most upregulated imprinted gene upon differentiation. Remarkably, while IGF2 knockout androgenetic cells fail to differentiate into GLCs, the differentiation of parthenogenetic cells supplemented with IGF2 is partly rescued. Thus, our findings unravel a surprising essentiality of genes that are only expressed from the paternal genome to the development of the female reproductive system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".