Quercetin and Mercury In Vitro Anti-Proliferative Effect in Human Astrocytoma Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal to which we are exposed in everyday life. Exposure to environmental Hg may lead to toxicity in the human body associated with major health issues. Quercetin (QE) on the other hand, is a natural flavonoid widely distributed in higher plants and is part of the human diet. Several studies demonstrated the therapeutic and protective effects of QE against multiple diseases and health problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of QE and Hg on the proliferation of human astrocytoma 1321N1 cell line. This study is a continuation of our previous work in which we investigated cadmium (Cd) instead of Hg. The 1321N1 cells were either treated with Hg alone, or pre- or co-treated with QE. Cell viabilities were determined by MTT assay. Results indicated that simultaneous treatment of the cells with 200 µM and 16 µM Hg for 48 hrs significantly reduced cell viability to 11.7 ± 3.1 % compared to the DMSO vehicle-treated cells. Other experiments of QE pre-treatment followed by exposure to Hg alone or with QE indicated a significant ability to reduce proliferation compared to treatment with Hg alone. In conclusion, our study suggested a synergistic anti-proliferative interaction of Hg and QE in malignantly transformed cells. However, this effect is higher when combining Cd and QE as indicated in our previous work. These data may be beneficial in exploiting the biological effect of QE for treating the malignantly transformed cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".