THE PHYSICAL MODEL FOR THE IL PAVILION AND THE USAGE OF ITS DIGITAL TWIN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The so-called IL pavilion in Stuttgart, constructed by Frei Otto and the Institute for Lightweight Structures (IL) served itself as an experimental building for testing the execution of a new type of cable net construction. At this 1:1 mock-up various manufacturing techniques and measuring methods were tested, additionally to model tests on physical models. These models were necessary, because at that time no adequate calculation methods were available to design the complex geometries of such wide-span cable net constructions. In this paper, the authors clarify the way the model was produced, the development of the measurement methods and the impact of model testing for the execution of the innovative construction of the German pavilion for the World's Fair in Montréal in 1967. The physical model, which is one of the few surviving measurement models from this period, was digitally rebuilt with state of the arts methods in the context of the DFG research project “last witnesses”. The data extracted from the physical model was compared with a model generated from the original cut stencils. Overall, the numbers match fairly well, nevertheless there are some outliers due to the changed numbers of elements, which have a deviation of more than 40%. The data extracted from the digital twin will further be used to evaluate changed boundary conditions, increased snow loads or wind effects for the building itself and to record the actual state of the model for future preservation measures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".