Broadband Full-Spectrum Raman Excitation Mapping Reveals Intricate Optoelectronic–Vibrational Resonance Structure of Chirality-Pure Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Raman excitation spectra of chirality-pure (6,5), (7,5), and (8,3) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are explored for homogeneous solid film samples over broad excitation energy and scattering energy ranges using a rapid and relatively simple full spectrum Raman excitation mapping technique. Identification of variation in scattering intensity with sample type and phonon energy related to different vibrational bands is clearly realized. Excitation profiles are found to vary strongly for different phonon modes. Some modes' Raman excitation profiles are extracted, with the G band profile compared to earlier work. Other modes, such as the M and iTOLA modes, have quite sharp resonance profiles and strong resonances. Conventional fixed wavelength Raman spectroscopy can miss these effects on the scattering intensities entirely due to the significant intensity changes observed for small variations in excitation wavelength. Peak intensities for phonon modes traceable to a pristine carbon lattice forming a SWCNT sidewall were greater for high-crystallinity materials. In the case of highly defective SWCNTs, the scattering intensities of the G band and the defect-related D band are demonstrated to be affected both in absolute intensities and in relative ratio, with the ratio that would be measured by single wavelength Raman scattering dependent on the excitation wavelength due to differences in the resonance energy profiles of the two bands. Lastly it is shown that the approach of this contribution yields a clear path toward increasing the rigor and quantification of resonance Raman scattering intensity measurements through tractable corrections of excitation and emission side variations in efficiency with excitation wavelength.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".