Dietary calcium (Ca <sup>2+</sup> ) impacts Ca <sup>2+</sup> content and molecular expression of Ca <sup>2+</sup> -transporters in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The renal (Malpighian) tubules of insects play important roles in hemolymph Ca 2+ regulation. Here we provide the first investigation into how dietary Ca 2+ loads from sucrose or blood meals affect the Ca 2+ content and mRNA expression of Ca 2+ transporters in Malpighian tubules of adult female mosquitoes. Using the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti we found that feeding females for 6 days ad libitum on 10% sucrose with elevated Ca 2+ concentration led to concentration-dependent increases of the Ca 2+ content in Malpighian tubules. The increases of Ca 2+ content correlated with up-regulations of mRNAs encoding intracellular Ca 2+ -ATPases ( SERCA and SPCA ), a plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase ( PMCA ), and a K + -dependent Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger ( NCKX1 ). We also found that when adult females were fed blood, tubule Ca 2+ content changed dynamically over the next 72 h in a manner consistent with redistribution of tubule Ca 2+ stores to other tissues (e.g., ovaries). The changes in tubule Ca 2+ were correlated with dynamic changes in mRNA abundances of SERCA , SPCA , PMCA , and NCKX1 . Our results are the first to demonstrate that Malpighian tubules of adult female mosquitoes have a remarkable capacity to handle high dietary Ca 2+ loads, most likely through the combination of storing excess Ca 2+ within intracellular compartments and secreting it into the tubule lumen for excretion. Our results also suggest that the Malpighian tubules play key roles in supplying Ca 2+ to other tissues during the processing of blood meals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".