Physiological function of vitamin <scp>D<sub>3</sub></scp> in fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Vitamin D (VD) is a steroid hormone, of which vitamin D 3 (VD 3 ) is the main form in fish. Fish obtain VD 3 majorly from diets, and VD 3 has been widely used in aquatic feed as feed additive. As one of the essential nutrients, VD 3 plays an indispensable role in the growth and health of fish. Due to the particularity of the fish living environment, the metabolic and physiological functions of VD 3 in fish have some differences from those of mammals. This paper reviews the metabolic process of VD 3 in fish, the main metabolites and vitamin D receptors, compares the differences in VD 3 metabolism between fish and mammals, summarises the recommended dietary requirements for VD 3 in several fish species, generalises the role of VD 3 in fish growth performance, bone development, lipid metabolism, immune regulation, antioxidant and other potential physiological functions, as well as its synergistic effects with other nutrients. Future perspectives of VD 3 application in aquaculture are proposed. Understanding the metabolic process and physiological function of VD 3 is of great significance for extending VD 3 application in the aquatic feed industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".