Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the gendered division of labour (paid and unpaid work) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature emerging during the pandemic, especially in early 2020, indicated a fear of the pandemic's potential negative impact on gender equality. Many feared a resurgence of the male-breadwinner family and what it might mean for women. I use quantitative data from the Labour Force Surveys of May 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022; the Impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians - Parenting during the pandemic, 2020 survey; and the Canadian Perspective Survey Series 3, 2020. I also use qualitative data from the subreddits r/Parenting, r/AmItheAsshole, and r/Relationship_advice. Results indicate that change related to the pandemic in 2020 was temporary. However, I find a large gap between the housework and childcare women and men do. The pandemic does not show permanent change to the gendered division of work.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".