Electrochemical Kinetics Study of Ultrasound-Assisted Chalcopyrite Oxidation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ultrasound-assisted chalcopyrite leaching has been reported previously, showing a noticeable improvement in leaching kinetics. However, the effect of ultrasound on the chalcopyrite oxidation kinetics from an electrochemical perspective has not been addressed. This study examines the ultrasonic enhancement of chalcopyrite oxidation kinetics in sulfuric acid solution from both conventional leaching and electrochemistry aspects. Electrochemical techniques, including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry (CA), were used to illustrate the kinetics of chalcopyrite ultrasound-assisted leaching. Tafel analysis by LSV showed that 20% amplitude ultrasound power had increased the chalcopyrite electrochemical dissolution rate by about 20% in both Fe 3+ -free and 10 mM Fe 3+ -containing 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution. The CA tests indicated a drastic increase in the Fe 3+ reduction reaction when ultrasound was applied (20% amplitude). At 0.5 V, the Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ reduction current density at 30 min drastically increased from − 65.54 without ultrasound to − 1165.84 µA cm −2 with ultrasound. Graphical Abstract
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".