Psoriasis Patients Treated With Methotrexate Have an Increased Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Both psoriasis and methotrexate are associated with an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. The effect of methotrexate on the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with psoriasis is currently unknown. To evaluate this relationship, a systematic review of the literature was conducted using databases including Ovid Medline (from 1946), Scopus (from 1970), and Embase (from 1974) through June 2019. Observational comparative and case-control studies comparing psoriasis patients treated with methotrexate to those not treated with methotrexate with data on the subsequent development of nonmelanoma skin cancer in both cohorts were included based on prespecified criteria. Two reviewers analyzed all studies for relevant data, which were analyzed using OpenMeta-Analyst statistical software. Quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa method. Nine cohort and case-control comparative studies of 1,486 screened abstracts met the inclusion criteria. Of 11,875 reported patients with psoriasis, 2,192 were taking methotrexate. A meta-analysis demonstrated an odds ratio of 2.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.47-5.39; p = 0.002) for nonmelanoma skin cancer development in patients with psoriasis taking methotrexate compared with those not taking methotrexate. Based on these findings, psoriasis patients treated with methotrexate are at a significantly increased (2.8 times higher) risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer. Risk counseling can improve healthcare outcomes in patients with psoriasis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.013 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".