Extraordinary Control of Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Generation by Acyclic Cucurbituril-like Containers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Supramolecular control of singlet oxygen generation is incredibly valuable for several fields with broad applications and thus still challenging. However, macrocyclic inclusion complexes inherently restrict the interaction of photosensitizers with surrounding oxygen in the media. To circumvent this issue, we turned our attention in this work to acyclic cucurbituril-like containers and uncover their properties as supramolecular hosts for photosensitizers with extraordinary control of their photophysics, including singlet oxygen generation. Thermodynamic and photophysical studies were carried out showing that these acyclic containers compare very favorably to benchmark macrocycles such as cucurbiturils and cyclodextrins in terms of their binding affinities and supramolecular control of singlet oxygen generation. Acyclic container with terminal naphthalene walls offers a similar cavity to cucurbit[7]uril and the same carbonyl-lined portals for a tight binding of phenothiazinium dye methylene blue and stabilizing its singlet and triplet excited states. Thus, generation of singlet oxygen for this container is higher than for other macrocycles and even higher than the free photosensitizer. While the acyclic container with smaller terminal benzene walls, stacks over the dye through sulfur-π and π-π interactions deactivating the singlet and triplet excited states, thus showing the lowest generation of singlet oxygen out of all of the studied systems. Due to the great water solubility and biocompatibility of these systems, they possess great potential for novel applications in photocatalysis, synthesis, and biomedical fields, among others.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".