Phylogenetic assessment of Apophallines (Digenea: Opisthorchiidae) with revision of <i>Apophallus donicus</i> Skrjabin & Lindtrop, 1919 complex and some taxonomic propositions
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
According to the current taxonomic concept, the Аpophallinae Ciurea, Citation1924 is a monotypic subfamily of the Opisthorchiidae that comprises species with a median permanent ventrogenital sac containing a well-developed ventral sucker and two gonotyls. A recently formulated molecular hypothesis suggests polyphyly of this subfamily and the presence of two sibling species within one of the nominal species A. donicus Skrjabin & Lindrop, Citation1919. In this paper, we redescribed A. donicus s. str. and renamed A. donicus auct. non Skrjabin & Lindrop, Citation1919 to A. lari (Leonov, Citation1957) based on morphological, biological and molecular (mitochondrial cox1 gene fragments) data. The main morphological differences between species are the length of the distance between the anterior end of the body and the anterior extremity of the vitellarium as a ratio to the forebody length, and the shape of the anterior vitelline follicles. We also aimed to test the monophyly of the Аpophallinae through nuclear-ribosomal molecular markers 18S + 28S rDNA. Tree topology showed Apophallus zalophi (Price, Citation1932) clustered closer to Liliatrema Gubanov, 1953 than to the other Apophallus spp. As a result, we resurrect the genus Pricetrema Ciurea, Citation1933 that earlier was proposed for A. zalophi and abolish the Liliatrematinae Gubanov, 1953 with removal of Liliatrema into the Apophallinae. Thus, according to the updated concept, the Apophallinae contains three genera, Apophallus Lühe, 1909, Liliatrema and Pricetrema, two of which (Apophallus, Pricetrema) have the ventrogenital sac with two gonotyls and one (Liliatrema) has a genital sac without gonotyls.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it