Biobased composites of poly(butylene furanoate) copolymers and hemp
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract There is growing interest in biodegradable and bio‐based materials that can replace conventional plastics in applications such as packaging. Polymers based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) have been proposed as bio‐based analogues for polymers based on terephthalic acid. However, they tend to be brittle, exhibit limited biodegradability, and there are few examples of biocomposites from these polymers. Described here is the preparation of a small library of copolyesters based on FDCA, 1,4‐butanediol, and either succinic, adipic or sebacic acid. By incorporating different dicarboxylic acids in varying ratios, the glass transition temperature was tuned from −30 to 41°C and the melting temperature from 104–171°C while maintaining high stability up to ~300°C. Incorporation of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids facilitated blending of the copolymers with hemp powder, with up to 30 wt% hemp incorporated into the polymer containing 60:40 FDCA:sebacic acid. Incorporation of hemp did not substantially alter the thermal properties but increased the moduli of the composites. The copolyesters were susceptible to degradation by Rhizopus oryzae lipase, with the sebacic acid‐containing polyester having higher degradability than the succinic acid‐containing polyester. Overall, the results demonstrate the promise of the copolyester‐hemp blends for applications where they can replace conventional non‐degradable plastics.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it