West Papuan ‘Housewives’ with HIV: Gender, Marriage, and Inequality in Indonesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Indonesia defies gendered HIV risk stereotypes, and most women with HIV do not fit any pre-defined risk groups. In Indonesia, HIV predominates in women who identify as ‘housewives’. In the dominant imaginary, housewives are married homemakers, dedicated to children and husband, faithful, and sexually modest. Drawing on ethnographic research and interviews with Indigenous Papuan women in Manokwari, West Papua province, I problematise the category of the housewife and show how gendered structural inequalities contribute to Papuan HIV experiences and risks. The West Papuan frontier economy is racialised, male-dominated, and sexualised. Papuan ‘housewives’ may be left behind while husbands are away working and studying. Rather than experience sympathy and support, Papuan ‘housewives’ with HIV expect stigma and are let down by healthcare services. By including interviews with ‘sex workers’, I show that there are common structural inequalities faced by women, regardless of which moral category they appear to represent. While not commensurate with the rest of Indonesia, structural inequalities in West Papua signal the need for deeper attention to gendered inequalities and structural violence to prevent HIV among women.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".