L’« argument de la nature » dans le discours fasciste du 20e siècle en Allemagne, en Italie et en France
Bibliographic record
Abstract
S’appuyant sur un vaste ensemble de recherches linguistiques et mobilisant divers aspects de la lexicologie, de l’analyse du discours et de la théorie des métaphores, cette étude suggère que « l’appel à la nature » est un argument de poids dans les discours fascistes de l’Allemagne nazie, de l’Italie de Mussolini et de la France de Vichy. Il sert à justifier l’eugénisme, à façonner l’identité nationale et à construire des catégories d’ennemis. La comparaison de ces trois pays montre comment le langage et le discours fascistes articulent les concepts de nature, de ruralité et de santé pour en faire le pôle positivement connoté de leur spectre identitaire, succinctement incarné dans le discours sur l’homme nouveau inspiré de Mussolini. L’ennemi à l’autre extrémité du spectre est la contre-nature : pathologique, urbain et moderne, incarné par l’homme moderne de Mussolini et, plus violemment, par la métaphore parasitaire antisémite de Hitler.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".