Large-Scale Experimental Validation of Optimized Cast Steel Replaceable Modular Yielding Links for Eccentrically Braced Frames
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) combine the advantages of both moment-resisting frames and concentrically braced frames and provide an attractive seismic design solution. Shear-critical replaceable links were developed about a decade ago to improve the performance, design process, construction, and postearthquake repair process in EBFs. However, replaceable shear links are still susceptible to the commonly observed limit states in EBF links such as web fracture close to web stiffeners, local buckling, and lateral torsional buckling. This paper presents the experimental validation of a new generation of optimized cast steel replaceable yielding links for use in EBFs, which address the shortcomings of conventional and fabricated replaceable links. The performance of the proposed cast steel links is investigated through nine large-scale component-level and system-level experiments, covering a range of link sizes and loading conditions, while also studying the impact of other phenomena influencing the response such as the presence of axial load, the level of axial restraint in the links and the presence of a concrete slab. The tested series of cast links demonstrated enhanced ductility levels and low-cycle fatigue life when compared to fabricated links, achieving up to 0.21 radians of link rotation under the AISC protocol used for the qualification of EBF links.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".