PrEP policy implementation gaps and opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important tool for HIV prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Yet, little is known about the PrEP policies landscape in the region. Addressing this gap, this scoping review assessed current PrEP policies throughout LAC to better understand existing PrEP implementation gaps and identify opportunities to improve access. Methods: We conducted a scoping review, using a modified PRISMA extension, through 28 July 2022, to identify country-level PrEP policies. Data were collected in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese utilizing online platforms for screening and data extraction (Google Forms, Zotero, and Excel). Extracted data were divided by data source, including country-level government policies, gray literature, and peer-reviewed literature, with at least one full-text reviewer and data extractor per publication. An iterative summative content analysis was performed to compare and interpret themes across phases and data sources. Results: Of the 33 countries in LAC, 22 (67%) had policies approving daily oral PrEP for HIV prevention, which outlined specific key populations, including men who have sex with men, transgender women, sex workers, and serodiscordant couples. Generic tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine has been approved in 15 of the 33 countries, and 13 of the 33 countries have incorporated PrEP into their public health system. No countries were found to have approved cabotegravir. Costing data were reported by only one country, Ecuador, in its national health ministry guidelines. Findings also document a lag between the media/gray-literature announcement of PrEP and implementation of policies. Conclusion: Findings underscore significant advances in PrEP policies in the region and signal opportunities for greater PrEP implementation. Since 2017, an increasing number of countries have begun to provide PrEP to communities at heightened need, although significant gaps remain. Policy approval is a key step to further increasing access to PrEP in LAC, necessary to reduce the burden of HIV in LAC, specifically among marginalized populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".