Impact of Airway Virus in Severe Asthmatic Patients: A Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lungs have their own microbiota which seems to be altered in disease processes such as asthma. Viral infection accounts for many asthma exacerbations. Little is known about the lung virome, and the role that viruses play in non-exacerbating asthmatics. We aimed to assess if detection of virus in bronchoscopy samples of asthmatic patients in a non-exacerbating state influences their asthma control and modulates airway cytokine composition. Patients were recruited from a specialist asthma clinic and underwent bronchoscopy with standardised bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Viral analysis was performed; cell differential and cytokine levels were measured. Forty-six samples were obtained of which 10.8% demonstrated evidence of airway virus, and 91.3% of patients in the cohort were classed as severe asthmatics. Oral steroid use was significantly higher in severe asthmatic patients with virus detected, and the forced expiratory volume in one second tended to be lower in the virus-detected group. It was also found that BAL interleukin-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly higher in severe asthmatic patients with virus detected. Our results suggest that in severe asthmatics in a non-exacerbating state, the presence of virus resulted in overall poorer asthma control. The pattern of cytokine elevation seen in asthmatic patients with virus detected may provide insight to the pathophysiology involved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".