Investigating the Space Weather Impact of the 2003 Halloween Geomagnetic Storm by the Ground Magnetic Field Variations: a Global View
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Space weather is the phenomenon of solar storms and other events in space that can have impacts on Earth. They are a major concern for power grids which can be severely damaged by geomagnetic field variations during such natural phenomena. To reduce such impact and the possible consequences following, the study aims to determine how the storm's impact spreads across the Earth during a strong event, the October 29th, 2003 Halloween Storm. The impact of the Halloween Storm is analyzed by using global maps of geomagnetic variations to find where it is received and how it propagated. Cross-correlation is done on specific latitudinal and longitudinal distributed chains. The maps show that impacts are received first in high-latitude regions and then propagate toward mid- and low-latitude regions. The regions of impact during the first storm are on the magnetic dayside while the second storm is on the magnetic night side. The cross-correlation study shows that localized patterns occur more in the high-latitude regions with more intensive impacts, such as Norway, Finland, Sweden, Russia, and Canada. Global patterns occur more in the mid and equatorial regions with less intensive impacts. The mid-latitude countries such as France, UK, and the US can also be impacted during extreme events. The visualization package is developed and available to researchers and the industry. The global view of space weather impacts can help us to understand and mitigate the hazardous impacts on modern society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".